2024 年人工智能现状报告(附原文下载)

如果说去年是基础模型的突破之年,那么今年则是整合之年。虽然今年的报告继续记录了基础模型能力的重大进步,但我们与基础模型的关系已经发生了变化。研究人员现在对如何加速他们的工作以及如何最好地减轻他们的劣势有了更好的理解。与此同时,公司现在正在投入真正的努力,从仅仅构建模型转向创造产品

https://aiquanzi.oss-cn-chengdu.aliyuncs.com/files_user38/article/5e0684d9c9f6a0b6d394c1381f5f37fd.jpg


在去年的报告中,我们问到,生成式人工智能产品在最初的“惊喜”因素(和试用订阅)结束后是否能够留住用户。这个问题已经得到了明确的答案。OpenAI 现在已经赚取了数十亿美元的收入,而 ElevenLabs 和 Synthesia 等公司已成为财富 500 强公司的日常工具。


然而,采用率的提高也意味着挑战的增加。其中一些挑战来自政策层面。国际峰会、协议和议定书的蓬勃发展未能掩盖治理方面的重大分歧。大型科技公司与欧洲监管机构发生争执,而加州提出的人工智能监管则引发了社区的内战。欧盟人工智能法案现在可能已经通过成为法律,但欧洲大陆的买家后悔情绪正在日益高涨。


长期以来,人工智能的讨论主要集中在模型缩放定律及其后果上。今年,企业被迫面对非常现实的物理限制,因为它们对电力、水和土地的需求给计算基础设施带来了越来越大的压力。五年前理想主义地接受的乐观净零承诺现在似乎处于严重危险之中。与此同时,这种人工智能基础设施建设所需的资金远远超出了许多机构投资者的能力范围,迫使企业将目光投向海外,这会产生地缘政治影响。


在所有这些挑战中,一个无可争议的赢家出现了。英伟达已加入市值 3 万亿美元的俱乐部,成为股市领头羊,可以说是世界上最强大的公司。越来越多的挑战者、对其中国业务的限制以及老对手迟来的软件投资都未能给英伟达留下任何痕迹。


虽然 NVIDIA 是最极端的例子,但处于 AI 开发前沿的上市公司已经获得了数万亿美元的企业价值。更令人印象深刻的是,他们是在高利率和市场普遍停滞的时期做到这一点的。再加上采用率不断提高、基础设施建设规模庞大以及核电站只是为了满足与 AI 相关的需求而启动——感觉我们真的进入了一个新时代。



2024 年报告的主要内容包括:


  • 随着 GPT-4 与其他模型之间的差距缩小,前沿实验室的表现开始趋同,专有模型失去优势。OpenAI o1 让该实验室重回榜首——但能持续多久?

  • 随着公司探索将 LLM 与强化学习、进化算法和自我改进相结合以解锁未来的代理应用,规划和推理在 LLM 研究中占据优先地位

  • 基础模型展示了它们突破语言的能力,支持数学、生物学、基因组学、物理科学和神经科学的多模式研究。

  • 美国制裁对中国实验室生产高性能模型的能力影响有限,因为库存、经批准的硬件、走私和云访问等因素让它们能够制造出高性能的 (V)LLM。与此同时,中国打造国内半导体产业的努力仍然举步维艰。

  • 随着上市公司在人工智能领域迎来牛市,人工智能公司的企业价值已达到 9 万亿美元。尽管 GenAI 在美国取得了巨大成功,但对私营人工智能公司的投资也有所增加,但幅度却有所下降。

  • 少数 AI 公司开始产生可观的收入, 包括基础模型构建者和从事视频和音频生成的初创公司。然而,随着企业争夺地盘,模型变得越来越便宜,关于长期可持续性的问题仍未得到解答。

  • 伪收购成为人工智能公司的出路,因为一些公司很难找到可行的商业模式,因为停留在前沿的成本太高。

  • 关于生存风险的讨论已经冷却下来,尤其是在 OpenAI 政变失败之后。然而,研究人员继续加深对潜在模型漏洞和滥用的了解,并提出了潜在的修复和保障措施。


本报告是团队努力的成果,我们感谢人工智能社区不断创造突破,为本报告提供动力。感谢我们的审阅者让我们保持诚实。

我们撰写这份报告的目的是汇编我们所看到的最有趣的事情,目的是引发关于人工智能现状的知情讨论。因此,我们很乐意听到您对这份报告的任何想法、您对我们预测的看法,或对明年版本的任何贡献建议。

原文报告下载:https://share.weiyun.com/JltWyOMA

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